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The H5N1 avian influenza virus 

commonly known as bird flu is a global concern due to its impact on both animal and human health. Here are ten key points about bird flu from a U.S. perspective 

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Prevalence in wild birds 

H5N1 is widely found in wild aquatic birds worldwide, often without causing disease in these carriers 

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Infection in poultry 

The virus can spread from wild birds to domestic poultry, outbreaks that can devastate poultry populations 

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H5N1 has infected a variety of mammal, bears, fox, and dolphins, raising concerns about its ability to jump between species 

Cross-species infection 

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Impact on dairy farms 

Since its detection on a U.S. dairy farm in March 2024, H5N1 has been found in numerous, prompting increased surveillance and control measures 

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Human infection risk 

While human infections are rare, cases have been reported in the U.S., primarily in individuals with direct contact with infected birds or contaminated environments 

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Infected individuals may experience eye irritation, flu-like symptoms (cough, sore throat, fever), or, in rare cases, severe respiratory illness 

Symptoms in humans 

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Food safety 

Properly cooked poultry and pasteurized dairy products are safe to consume. However, raw dairy products may pose a risk of H5N1 infection 

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State of emergency in California 

Due to the spread of the virus in dairy herds and the potential human health risks, California declared a state of emergency to mobilize resources for containment 

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Pandemic potential 

Although the current risk of a human pandemic is low, the virus's ability to infect multiple species necessitates continued vigilance to prevent potential adaptation for human-to-human transmission 

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Preventive measures 

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends avoiding contact with sick or dead birds, maintaining good hygiene, and thoroughly cooking poultry products to reduce the risk